What role did and does the 14th amendment play in advancing rights?

Answer this question “What role did and does the 14th amendment play in advancing rights? (This is a great amendment to use to trace the expansion of rights from Brown vs. the Board of Education, to Roe v. Wade, to marriage equality, etc. Consider including a paragraph or two about additional ways this amendment could be used to protect or expand liberties, etc. For example, do California’s firearms laws violate the 14th amendment’s emphasis on equal protection, due process, etc.)”

Answer must relate from the time frame of 1865-2021, also can you add a source page,do not use sources from “history.com”, or “Wikepedia”