What is the sign of the contribution of GDP to the change in the debt ratio in 2020? Why?

This is an International Macroeconomics assignment in which you have to replicate the graph in the attached excel file for another european country of your choice. You have all the data you need in the file.
Then you have to answer the following two questions:
1) What is the sign of the contribution of GDP to the change in the debt ratio in 2020? Why?
2) Is the debt higher in 1998 or in 2023? Does it cost more to finance the debt in 1998 or in 2023? Why?