What is science? More specifically, what makes something science? How is science distinguished from non-science or pseudoscience?

Nature of science 

What is science? More specifically, what makes something science? How is science distinguished from non-science or pseudoscience?

These questions have been the source of debate for many centuries, even millennia. Two thousand years ago, natural philosophers disputed the very nature of matter. Was matter continuous, infinite, and divisible as claimed by Plato, Aristotle, and their contemporaries? Or was matter discontinuous, finite, and indivisible, so that a certain smallest, most fundamental unit could be attained, as claimed by Leucippus, Democritus, and few others. Over 2000 years ago, Leucippus coined a term for this fundamental and smallest unit of matter – atomos, yet these ideas were largely ignored for millennia.

An example of a falsifiable claim is that the moon is made out of cheese. As silly as the claim is, we could gather a sample of the moon and – if it is not cheese – we have disproved the claim. Thus, the claim is scientific because it may be disproved through collection of evidence .