To be valid, [data protection] consent must be knowingly given, clear and specific.” Information Commissioner’s Office Critically discuss the importance of consent, what constitutes consent and how this can be given in an online environment by reference to European data protection law.

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What constitutes consent is the second element.
And you need to be able to express and write what is a valid consent ? Or how does invalid consent look like?
3-And the third part of the question is being able to tell how consent can be given in an online environment? What can constitute as a valid consent or an indication of valid consent in an online environment? And equally, what types of activities cannot be? How consent can be given in an online environment?