How do you think two crucial research events the creation of the Nuremberg Code and the U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis study at Tuskegee influenced the role of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in the study design process?

How do you think two crucial research events the creation of the Nuremberg Code and the U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis study at Tuskegee influenced the role of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in the study design process?