Does Mandatory Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in the European Union Reduce the Cost of Equity Capital?

Essays are to be between 2,000 and 2,500 words. With this range of 500 words, students are not permitted to use the informal ±10% rule sometimes allowed. Please include a word count at the end of the essay . Penalties will be enforced if 2,500 words is exceeded and this will be reflected in the presentation mark.
Some references to use throughout:

Mandatory IFRS Reporting around the World: Early Evidence on the Economic Consequences https://www.jstor.org/stable/40058120

How do Individual Investors React to Global IFRS Adoption? https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1458944

Does Mandatory Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in the European Union Reduce the Cost of Equity Capital? https://www.jstor.org/stable/20744143