What does the value in cell A33 tell you about the hypothesis. Do we reject the null hypothesis? Why? Put your explanation in cell A36.

One sample t Test
We are now going to use Excel to test a hypothesis based on one given sample. We would like to know if the average cholesterol level of patients in intensive care is equal to 200 and for that reason we collect cholesterol level of 20 random people from various intensive care units.
Cholesterol level
154,168,134,201,208,220,225,228,201,207,168,211,203,254,268,198,298,135,154,189

We put our data in column A. In Cells A3-A22 we type our data and in cell A1 we type Cholesterol.
First let’s input the sample size n, that is how many elements in data do we have. In cell B24 we type N and in cell A24 we type 20. Second, we find degrees of freedom df=N-1. In cell B25 we type df and in cell A25 we type =A24-1. Next we evaluate the mean. We learned that already. In cell B26 we type Mean and in cell A26 we type =average.
Now let’s do standard deviation. In cell B27 we type SD and in cell A27 we type =stdev(A3:A22).
Next let’s do standard error of the mean. In cell B28 we type SEM and in cell A28 we type =A27/sqrt(A24).
We will do a one sample t test and for that we need a t value. . In cell B29 we type t and in cell A29 we type =/A28.
Now we evaluate the p value using Excel. In cell B31 we type TEST value and in cell A31 we type 200 In cell B32 we type Mean Difference. In cell A32 we type =A26-A31 . In cell B33 we type Sig.In cell A33 type =T.DIST.2T. Here T.DIST.2T means we are doing 2 tailed one sample TTEST. The first parameter A29 means we are computing the p value based on our calculated t value and we are comparing it to our threshold significance level of 0.05. The second variable represents degrees of freedom.
Exercises
1. State the null hypothesis from this example in cell A35.
2. What does the value in cell A33 tell you about the hypothesis. Do we reject the null hypothesis? Why? Put your explanation in cell A36.
3. Instead of using Excel, we can look at the t chart. Find the critical value for the t distribution from that table. You may find it on page 335. Put that value in cell A37.
4. Compare the t value in cell A29 to the table t value in cell A37. What is this comparison telling you about rejecting or not rejecting the null hypothesis. Put your explanation in cell A38.

When would you want a 95% confidence interval and when would you be interested in a 99% confidence level ?

Results from surveys or opinion polls often report a range of values—the sample statistic plus or minus a margin of error . This tells us that the range is likely to contain the population parameter. How much wiggle room we provide is based on how much confidence we wish to have that the range contains the actual population mean. That confidence level is directly related to the middle “truth” area we will accept versus the dubious tail area we will reject–also known as alpha .

The more confidence we wish to have—the more middle ground we will need to accept thus a smaller tail area. If we insist on a larger alpha we narrow the middle ground we will accept and thus provide less wiggle room—so the more likely it is that we will miss the true average . A 95% confidence level leaves 5% alpha. A 99% confidence level leaves 1% alpha.

Now, without calculating a mean or margin of error or a confidence level, provide an example from your current professional or personal life that describes a measurement that is normal—and how much wiggle room on either side would be appropriate. When would you want a 95% confidence interval and when would you be interested in a 99% confidence level ?

Summarize Unit 1, Sections R.2 – 1.2: Limits and Prerequisites. Summarize Unit 2, Sections 1.3 – 1.8 & 2.2 – 2.3: Differentiation.

Write a 3-page reflection on some of the important concepts that you learned by taking Survey of Calculus course this semester.

Summarize Unit 1, Sections R.2 – 1.2: Limits and Prerequisites.

Summarize Unit 2, Sections 1.3 – 1.8 & 2.2 – 2.3: Differentiation.

Summarize Unit 3, Sections 3.1 – 3.7: Applications of Derivatives.

End each page by adding a statement with your thoughts on which part of the course was interesting, or not so interesting according to you.

Is a savings account a good way to earn interest? When looking at opening a savings account, what should you look for: higher interest rate or more frequent compounding?

Financial Report

In this project, you will:

Use exponents to calculate the amount of interest earned on an investment.
Evaluate formulas with exponents.
Convert interest rates to decimals.
Apply the order of operations.

To complete this project you will:

Complete the Financial Report Worksheet to guide you in developing your budget. Be sure to show all work!
Complete a 2-page, double-spaced, APA-formatted report. In the report, you need to present your findings and explain your conclusions on interest rates and compounding frequency.

Thoughts to include in the report include: Is a savings account a good way to earn interest? When looking at opening a savings account, what should you look for: higher interest rate or more frequent compounding?
Be sure to cite your sources for the interest rates from the chosen financial institution!

What amount of the risk of developing a disease is attributable to a particular exposure?

Epidemiologic research not only focuses on the identification and assessment of risk factors but also the planning and evaluating of public health interventions or control measures to reduce the incidence of disease in the population. Being able to predict the impact of removing a particular exposure on the risk of developing a disease is an important public health consideration because it allows public health planners to make decisions about allocating scarce resources for the greatest impact.
Measures of Attributable Risk answer the following questions:
1. What amount of the risk of developing a disease is attributable to a particular exposure?
2. By what percent would the risk of developing disease be reduced if the exposure
were eliminated?

What pros and cons did you consider? What economic factors were important to your decision?

To Buy or To Lease? That is the Question!

To Buy or To Lease? That is the Question!
According to USA Today, “Not long ago, in the pre-pandemic age, carmakers braced for the possibility that Americans would eventually stop buying vehicles, choosing instead to rely upon rideshares like Lyft or Uber. But COVID-19 has upended those expectations, swinging the pendulum back in the direction of personal car ownership as Americans say they’re increasingly likely to drive themselves instead of riding in someone else’s car or taking mass transit.”
Let’s assume you do not currently have a car and that you have already made the decision that you want to drive a new car. The next step in the process is to decide whether to buy or to lease. For most shoppers, paying cash for a new car is not an option, so we’ll assume your choices are a new car loan or a lease.
Part One:
Research the pros and cons of buying a new car versus leasing. Ensure that your sources are current, since market conditions change. You should use reliable, credible primary sources. Do not use Wikipedia since it is not a primary source.
Write an essay, no more than 2 pages long, stating your decision and supporting that decision with evidence from your sources. What pros and cons did you consider? What economic factors were important to your decision?
Label the essay as Part One and attach it to the end of this document. Be sure to cite your sources, using MLA format.

What information would you need to see if there is an association between Gilbert being on duty and code/death rates?

You are working as a statistician with the Boston Police department. You were given this case to work on to see if there is enough data to support an arrest warrant.
Kristen Gilbert started working at the VAMC as a nurse in 1989. A proficiency report obtained by the Boston Police Department, which described her as “highly skillful”, calm, and compassionate. She organized charity drives, collections for the needy, and organized a memorial service for a colleague who died of cancer .
⦁ What information would you need to see if there is an association between Gilbert being on duty and code/death rates?
⦁ What other explanations might there be for why Gilbert had more deaths on her shifts?
⦁ What type of statistical test would you use for this case to see if there is an association?
⦁ What are your null hypotheses and alternative hypotheses?
The following is an analysis of 1641 eight-hour shifts. Use this data to decide if there is enough statically support for an arrest warrant.

Do you understand their answers and agree with their conclusions and viewpoints? What are your arguments against their answers?

Write: Describe how you arrived at your solutions. Showcase your critical thinking skills and include supporting detail to back up your conclusions.

Question 10:

Choose three stocks, three bonds, and three mutual funds that you think would make good investments. Imagine that you invest $1,000 in each of these nine investments. Use an internet resource to track the value of your investment portfolio over the next five weeks. Based on the portfolio value at the end, find your return for the five-week period. Which investments did better, and which did worse?

Have they answered all the questions pertaining to their problem?
Have they used all the required resources and cited the references correctly?
Do you understand their answers and agree with their conclusions and viewpoints?
What are your arguments against their answers?

What is the current status of federal law in the U.S.A. regarding health insurance?

Scientists estimate that the ocean pH was about 8.25 before the beginning of the industrial era, around 1750. Today it is about 8.05, and if current trends continue, it may fall to 7.9 by 2050.
• Use this data to calculate the percent change in the hydrogen ion concentration of the ocean from 1750 to today, and from 1750 to 2050. Show your math calculations.
• Using credible sources, research ocean acidification and its impact on both marine ecosystems and human society. Based on your research, write a short report that summarizes the issues and that discusses recommendations about how we should work to address it. The Scholarly, Peer
Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types.
Number 3
Assume that you have a relatively simple health insurance plan with the following provisions:
• The annual deductible is $500. The insurance company pays 100% of all costs after deductible and
co-payments
• Office visits require a co-payment of $25.
• Emergency room visits have a $200 co-payment.
• Surgical operations have a $1000 co-payment.
• You pay a monthly premium of $350.
During a one-year period, your family has the following expenses:
• February 18: Office visit — $100
• March 26: Emergency room — $580 (total cost before insurance)
• April 23: Office visit — $100 (total cost before insurance)
• May 14: Surgery — $6500 (total cost before insurance)
• July 1: Office visit — $100 (total cost before insurance)
• September: 23 Emergency room — $840 (total cost before insurance)
Based on the above information, complete the following. Show your math calculations.
• Determine your health care expenses for the year with the insurance policy.
• Determine your health care expenses for the year if you did not have the insurance policy.
• What is the current status of federal law in the U.S.A. regarding health insurance?
• Has the law changed since the Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010? If so, explain

How are final exams, sports competitions, and community events scheduled at NCC? How do you make sure that all or participants must be able to attend their events or exams?

Scheduling problems in sports

Each final project will have the following:
What did you find?
What did you learn?
You may choose from the following topics:
The Evolution of Cryptography through Number Theory
Who was influential?
What is used and why?
When did cryptography start? Was number theory before, during, or after?
When organizing a conference or event, how do you schedule the talks according to participant and room restrictions?
How are final exams, sports competitions, and community events scheduled at NCC? How do you make sure that all or participants must be able to attend their events or exams?
How many teachers’ committees are there in your school and how are they formed? When are regular faculty meetings scheduled? How are classes assigned to you? How are classes scheduled?
Use different techniques and levels of difficulty: weighted graphs, SDRs, matchings, chromatic polynomials.