Compose an essay tracing the path of protein nutrients throughout each part of the gastrointestinal tract and explain what would happen in each one of them.

Nutrients undergo several actions before they are taken in the blood then delivered to the body cells.

Compose an essay tracing the path of protein nutrients throughout each part of the gastrointestinal tract and explain what would happen in each one of them.

Provide as many details as possible to develop a thorough picture of proteins’ destiny in the human body.

(Don’t exceed 800 words.)

Reading section 23.1, 23.6, 23.8, and Part 3 sections would be helpful to write the essay

What are your thoughts about Sweden’s approach to using natural herd immunity prior to the use of an approved vaccine?

Covid 19

In the past, you have studied enzymes and proteins which are essential to maintaining homeostasis in all living organisms. In this discussion, we will be examining the development of three different vaccines for Covid-19, all of which block spike proteins , also known as antigens, on the surface of the virus. These vaccines also stimulate our body’s immune system to develop a protein called an antibody, to provide long-lasting protection from the virus. The immune system is one of the many different body systems that will have been exploring. It is important that we examine the difference between vaccine-induced herd immunity and natural herd immunity. Finally, we will question and challenge Sweden’s controversial attempt to establish Covid -19 natural herd immunity.

product that stimulates a person’s immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease, protecting the person from that disease.

Watch this video about herd immunity and how it works to attempt to minimize the spread of infectious disease.

Watch this video about Sweden’s attempt to create natural herd immunity without vaccination

Watch this video about the three different approaches to the development of a Covid- 19 vaccine.

What are your thoughts about Sweden’s approach to using natural herd immunity prior to the use of an approved vaccine? Why did the WHO (World Health Organization) disapprove of Sweden’s approach? How can such a high death rate be ethically justified?

There are 3 different approaches to the development of a Covid -19 vaccine but each approach targets the spike protein on the virus. Biotech/Pfizer is the first to develop a vaccine with a 90% effective rate. What do you believe are some of the risks and benefits associated with vaccines? Also, discuss some of the logistic difficulties of immunization.

Once the Pfizer vaccine receives emergency approval from the CDC (Note: approved summer 2021), there will be a huge disparity between supply and demand. Which groups of individuals should receive priority vaccine administration and why?

Now that the vaccine is available, will you get the vaccine or not?Explain the justification behind your decision. This discussion is not about the mandate or politics. Keep to the biology and scientific facts presented as a basis for your discussion.

After reading over the “Cliff Notes” from the VRBPAC committee, what are the three facts that were presented/discussed that surprised or stood out to you that you didn’t know? Share your detailed thoughts along with any questions you would ask the committee if you were present. Would any of this information sway your decision one way another in seeking a vaccine for your child? Again, this discussion is not about the mandate or politics. Keep to the biology and scientific facts presented as a basis for your discussion.

Write an essay in which you clarify the concept of ventilation versus respiration,and explain the characteristics of inspiration and expiration in terms of involved organs and the forces triggering them.

The inhalation and exhalation are two characteristics of respiratory function.

Write an essay in which you clarify the concept of ventilation versus respiration,and explain the characteristics of inspiration and expiration in terms of involved organs and the forces triggering them. (Don’t exceed 800 words.)

The knowledge of muscles and pressures involved in respiration is fundamental to write this essay.

Why do you think this is not a first order neuron issue?What would you see (or not see) if the nerves were damaged?

A 25 year-old male involved in a motorcycle accident was brought to your ER. The patient complains of being unable to move his legs voluntarily.

The doctor orders a CT but the CT is currently out of commission so you must do some inductive reasoning. One thing you must determine is the severity and location of the patient's lesion. You begin by scraping the bottom of their foot with the dull-pointed end of a reflex hammer starting at the heel moving to the small toe and then following the ball of the foot toward the big toe. The patient's foot demonstrates a Babinski's sign.

Deliverables

Answer the following questions and save your responses in a Microsoft Word document. Provide a scholarly resource in APA format to support your answers.

The term used for this condition (inability to move legs voluntarily) is called:

Name the parts of a basic reflex pathway.

Describe Babinski's sign and compare it to what a normal response would look like.

Why would one see a Babinski sign rather than a normal sign?

Why do you think this is not a first order neuron issue?What would you see (or not see) if the nerves were damaged?

Where along the spinal cord could you see a lesion in the CT for this patient?

What changes have occurred that regulate human research studies,and do those changes go far enough in preventing the kind of racial injustice that Henrietta Lacks and her family suffered from?

Essay Assignment:

Construct a 500-word-minimum essay in which you address the following questions based on the readings provided, and at least one authoritative outside source (other than the articles I’ve given you), properly cited

1. How did these readings challenge your assumptions, understanding, or knowledge of medical research?

2. How does knowing this information influence your trust in medical research?

3. What changes have occurred that regulate human research studies,and do those changes go far enough in preventing the kind of racial injustice that Henrietta Lacks and her family suffered from?

NOTE: Direct quotations are not allowed for this assignment. You must summarize your understanding of your research. Plagiarism search engines will be turned on for this assignment, so it’s important that you paraphrase well.

PROVIDED READINGS

The Henrietta Lacks story became well-known after the exhaustively-researched science biography “The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks” was published in 2010 by Rebecca Skloot. A major motion picture based on the book was released in 2017, bringing questions of bioethics in medicine to a more mainstream audience.

The book can be found here – please begin by reading the synopsis (you don’t need to read the whole book for this assignment):

Skloot, R. (2010). The immortal life of Henrietta Lacks. New York: Crown Publishers. https://www.amazon.com/Immortal-Life-Henrietta-Lacks/dp/1400052181/ref=sr_1_1?crid=9NC52G0FMWJ2&dchild=1&keywords=the+immortal+life+of+henrietta+lacks&qid=1608604839&sprefix=the+imm%2Caps%2C223&sr=8-1

The full story involves a multitude of issues, especially around informed consent, patient privacy, and racial equity in healthcare.

Read the the following critical thinking references – they will help you to construct an informed response to this essay assignment:

The Story Behind the Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (this is essentially a book review, but includes good information)

Henrietta Lacks: science must right a historical wrong (from the scientific journal Nature)

Race and Socioeconomic Status Independently Affect Risk of Major Amputation in Peripheral Artery Disease (peer-reviewed research in the scientific journal, Journal of the American Heart Association)

We know from decades of peer-reviewed, evidence-based research, that disparities exist in healthcare that are not accounted for by socioeconomic status alone. [A recent example comes from the COVID-19 pandemic, where evidence shows that racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately represented among numbers of COVID-19 exposures, severe illness, hospitalization, and deaths -see the CDC, December 2020 (Links to an external site.)] It’s important to remember that these disparities are well-documented (especially among racial and ethnic minorities) – they are not opinions or anecdotes. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/racial-ethnic-disparities/index.html

Items to consider while writing your essay response:

1. How do patients’ racial, ethnic, gender, LGBTQ+ status, religious, and socioeconomic status impact access to healthcare, and treatment within the healthcare system?

2. Henrietta Lacks died in 1951, but her cancer cells are still alive (and being profited from) today.

What changes have occurred that regulate human medical research studies?

What cellular structure is degenerating and rebuilding in Multiple Sclerosis.

Case Study: Multiple Sclerosis

A 30 year-old female with multiple sclerosis (MS) has come for their routine check up with her neurologist. Her first signs and symptoms several years earlier. The symptoms were not concerning as it was only tingling sensations that were a mild discomfort. Those feelings also went away. It became worrisome when the sensation transitioned into pain and tingling. She began to lose coordination during each cycle, and over time she never fully recovered from the previous flare.

Deliverables

Answer the following questions and save your responses in a Microsoft Word document. Provide a scholarly resource in

APA format to support your answers.

What cellular structure is degenerating and rebuilding in MS?

Does this explain the progression we see with the signs and symptoms?Explain why.

When there are issues with the neural tissue like this, they will often look into the eye. Why?

Here are three early symptoms. that we might see in MS. Assign them to whether they are a part of the sensory, motor or autonomic nervous system. Afterward, try to describe how MS would cause these symptoms.
Dysarthria
Paresthesia
Constipation

Discuss how innate immunity defends the body against potential infections.Discuss also the efficiency of each type of innate immunity in your responses.

This is a graded discussion: 10 points possible

Unit 9 DQ1: The Innate Immunity

Discuss how innate immunity defends the body against potential infections.Discuss also the efficiency of each type of innate immunity in your responses. Respond to 2 other students’ initial posts.

Submission Instructions

The initial post is due on the fourth day of the Unit. Two (2) substantive reply posts are due by the end of the Unit

A “substantive” reply post should have academic support and/or include personal insight on the subject, drawing from your reading, research, data, and personal experiences. A response such as “I agree” or “good job” will not meet the assignment criteria. A substantive response should be a minimum of 3-6 well-structured sentences. Please remember to use netiquette in your replies.

Also use the classmate to respond to what they wrote

Innate immunity is an immunity that you are born into, sometimes its passed down from parents or sometimes its somethings new that you obtained in conception. Innate immunity does not work like adaptive immunity which relays on the body constantly adapting to the pathogen. Innate immunity depends on a group of proteins and phagocytic cells that are used to identify and recognize certain pathogens and will become activated and quickly helps destroy the invaders. Our innate immunity consist of physical barriers, defense mechanisms and general immune responses. Physical barriers consist of the skin which is out first line defense, GI tract, respiratory tract, nasopharynx, cilia and eyelashes. Defense mechanisms can be found as secretions, mucous, bile gastric acid, anything that the body produces as a defense response. General immune response is seen during inflammation, this is when the body response with histamines and attempts to fight the pathogen.

Alberts, B. (1970, January 1). Innate immunity. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. Retrieved October 31, 2021

Khan Academy. (n.d.). Innate immunity (article) | immune system. Khan Academy. Retrieved October 31, 2021 repond 1

Tanisha Hernandez
7:27pm Nov 1 at 7:27pm

The immune system has two components; the innate (nonspecific) immune system and the adaptive (specific) immune system. The innate immune system forms the first and the second lines of defense. The first line of defense is formed by the skin and the mucous membrane. These form a physical barrier that prevents entry of pathogens into the body. The second line of defense constitutes immune cells which include; natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils. These fight pathogens that invade the body. Fever, interferons, complement system and inflammation also form part of the second line of defense. Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytes which engulf microorganisms by endocytosis and digest them using hydrolytic enzymes produced by lysosomes. Inflammation confines the harmful agents to one location and also allows for the repair of damaged tissues. Interferons act as messengers between adjacent cells and function to warn healthy cells and enable them to fight viral infection. The complement system is associated with lysis of bacteria. Fever is associated with high temperature which destroys pathogenic enzymes and which also increases body metabolism allowing for repair of damaged tissues (Guyton & Hall, 2015)

References

Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 2015.
Respond 2

Write an essay in which you clarify the concept of ventilation versus respiration, and explain the characteristics of inspiration and expiration in terms of involved organs and the forces triggering them.

The inhalation and exhalation are two characteristics of respiratory function.

Write an essay in which you clarify the concept of ventilation versus respiration,and explain the characteristics of inspiration and expiration in terms of involved organs and the forces triggering them. (Don’t exceed 800 words.)

The knowledge of muscles and pressures involved in respiration is fundamental to write this essay.

Identify changes that occur in the body due to the sympathetic nervous system and changes that occur in the body due to the parasympathetic nervous system.

As noted by Gringas et all (2015), emotional stimulation has been known to lead to pupil dilation and contraction. For dilation of the pupils to occur during the listening of music, the special senses must work in conjunction with the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In addition, for this study to be physiological fact, the special senses and the ANS must work collectively with the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS).

Instructions:

Read the attached article: The Eye is Listening: Music Induced Arousal and Individual Differences Predict Pupillary Responses Download The Eye is Listening: Music Induced Arousal and Individual Differences Predict Pupillary Responses
During the reading take notes and consider the role of each of the neurological systems and how the neurological systems work collectively. Refer to the content in the Unit Learning Maps to help complete this assignment, this would include the current learning map as well as past learning maps that have covered the different divisions of the nervous system.

After the reading, answer the following questions:

Explain the pupillary light reflex.

Include a brief description of the procedure or reflex itself. Include the pathway of stimulation and the specific divisions of the nervous system involved with pupil constriction and pupil dilation.

Include the specific nerves involved as well as the specific muscles involved with pupil constriction and pupil dilation.

Explain the auditory pathway.

Include the structures in the ear that are stimulated from the start of the sound entering the ear to the neurological receptors in the inner ear.

Include the neurological pathway from the inner ear to the brain and any other areas sound information is sent to in the central nervous system.

In the article, they discussed changes to the pupil in response to emotion.

Identify the areas in the nervous system involved with emotion.

Explain how the different nervous systems (ANS, PNS, CNS, special senses) work together to influence a pupillary response.

Besides pupil dilation and pupil constriction, the ANS is responsible for changes in other organ systems.

Identify changes that occur in the body due to the sympathetic nervous system and changes that occur in the body due to the parasympathetic nervous system.

Review the rubric to ensure that your assignment meets the criteria.

Estimated time to complete: 2 hours