What did Kalanick stand to gain or lose if he had changed his behavior? Describe key moments when Kalanick or Uber’s shareholders could have made different choices with different outcomes for the company.

A national survey by the Freelancers Union found that two in three of the 55 million U.S. workers who freelanced in 2016 did so because they wanted to, not because they were forced to; the other one-third did it out of necessity.70Although motivations for gig work may vary, it is clear that employers are benefitting. Of course, part-time contract workers are not new. What is new is the way gig work has spread to many white-collar professions. Here are two examples.

Joseph creates websites for a marketing company and a digital content studio. He also creates and edits motion graphics. “It’s been a fun ride, tiring but fun,” he says. “Finding time is always the struggle. I’m working on a freelance project every weekend.” Joseph thinks gig work has helped him improve his graphic skills faster than he might have done in a traditional job. “I get to move around to different companies, and if one thing falls out, I still have other things I can fall back on—and it keeps me sharp.”

Nicole, a mother of three, is a full-time clerk at a law firm, but she decided she needed extra money and signed up with a work-at-home call center. Her husband has joined too. Nicole says her gig job is one she could continue when she retires, and she likes that possibility. 71

“This is the future of work,” says Diane Mulcahy, a private equities investor whose clients often benefit financially from the use of gig workers. “The full-time employee is getting to be the worker of last resort.”72

Reflection Questions
Describe the parties involved and their interests.
Describe the corporate culture at Uber.
How did Travis Kalanick’s personality and actions influence the corporate culture at Uber?
What did Kalanick stand to gain or lose if he had changed his behavior?
Describe key moments when Kalanick or Uber’s shareholders could have made different choices with different outcomes for the company.
Aside from the lack of benefits, what are the potentially negative effects for society of the gig economy?
What happens to the concept of loyalty between worker and employer if we move to a mostly gig economy?
Will that result be negative or positive? For whom, and why?
How has the last year impacted the gig economy?
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